When presentment of Bills is unnecessary?

Law says that (a) No present­ment for payment is necessary in any of the following cases; 

 

(1) if the maker, of acceptor intentionally prevents the presentment of the instrument; 

(2) if the instrument being payable at his place of business, he ( i.e., maker, drawer or acceptor ) closes such place on a business, day during the usual business hours; 

(3) if the instrument being payable at some other specified place, neither he nor any person authorized to pay it attends at such place during the usual business hours: 

(4) if the instru­ment not being payable at any specified place, he (i.e., maker, etc. ) cannot after due search be found.

(b) Not presentment for payment is necessary as against any party sought to be charged with payment, if he has engaged to pay notwithstanding non-presentment.

(c) No presentment for payment is necessary as against any party if, after maturity and with the knowledge that instrument has not been presented:

(d) He makes a part-payment on account of the amount due on the instrument; or 

(2) he promises to pay the amount due thereon in whole or in part; or 

(3) he otherwise waives his right to take advantage of any default in presentment for payment.

When we say that no presentment for payment is necessary, we mean thereby the instrument is taken as dishonoured at the due date for presentment even though it has not been presented. The result is that the holder any sue the party liable without presentment and the plea that the instrument was not presented for payment is no defence to the claim of the holder.